-1289? -approximately777 1165-1240 1563-1624 1899-1986 20thcentury 297 abūal-ʻabbāsaḥmadibnmuḥammad afghanistan africa al-ḥusaynibnmanṣūr angels appreciation approximately1662-1730 arabic arrangedmarriage asceticism asia attributes authority awareness aḥmadibnaḥmad balkanpeninsula biography biology birds british-empire communismandislam comparativereligion comparativestudies confucian contemporaryfiction(postc1945) controversialliterature corruption criticism criticismandinterpretation cultes cultural-traditions culturalpluralism customsandpractices daiyu death developmentalpsychology devil devotionalliterature dictionaries doctrines earlyworksto1800 egypt essence etc ethics ethnicity evidences evolution faith(islam) familyrelationships fiction frauenfreundschaft gastronomy general genius geopolitics god god(islam) heiligdommen history historyandcriticism human ibnal-ʻarabī india indonesia influence intellectuallife interpretation interpretationandconstruction intervention iran islam islamandart islamandpolitics islamandstate islamic islamicartandsymbolism islamiccivilization islamiccosmology islamicethics islamiclaw islamicmonasteries islamicmysticism islamicphilosophy islamicpoetry islamicrenewal islamicsects islamicshrines khalwatīyah khuldabad kookkunst largetypebooks lodidynasty madrasahs manīrī medicalbooks messiah middleeasternhistory middleeasternliterarybiography middleeasternpoetry miscellanea morocco mosques mujahideen muslims muslimsaints muslimscholars muslimwomen muslimwomensaints muṣṭafá mysticism naqshabandīyah nature north opium pakistan pashtun persian persianlanguage philosophy politicalaspects politicalculture politicalscience politics politicsandgovernment power-struggles prayer prayersanddevotions psychology punjab qādirīyahmembers quests(expeditions) reality relations religion religionandpolitics religiousaspects religiousinspirationforwomen religiouslife religiouslifeandcustoms rituals rābiʻahal-ʻadawīyah self-actualization(psychology) senegal shādhilīyah shīʻah shīʻah simplicity sindh socialaspects socialconditions socialsciences soefisme soufisme soul soviet-union spain spirituality spirituallife studyandteaching style sufi sufiliterature sufimeditations sufipoetry sufis sufisminliterature sunna sunnites symbolisminarchitecture ṣafaviddynasty(iran) tajiks taliban tijānīyahmembers tijānīyah translationsintoenglish tribalism turkey ulama united-states unitedstates universality unterdrückung viewsonasceticism virtuesinliterature wafā war womeninislam womenmystics worshipandlove ʻalīibnʻabdallāh الصوفية بكري،مصطفى