-1289? 1302or1303-1363 21stcentury aesthetics arabic arabicfiction arabiclanguage creativeability criticismandinterpretationibnal-ʻarabī criticismandinterpretationʻirāqī doctrines earlyworksto1800 egypt fakhral-dīnibrāhīm god(islam) history historyandcriticism ibnal-arabi ibnal-ʻarabī ibnal-ʻarabī imagination inthequrʼanjesuschrist inthequrʼanmary islam islamiccosmology islamicempire islamicphilosophy muslimsaints muḥammad perception(philosophy) religiousaspects sufipoetry sufism time versification versificationibnal-ʻarabī wafā womeninislam ابنالعربي،