-1247 -1493 1058-1111 1207-1273 1213or1214-1269 1216or1217-1270 1314-1385 1825-1900 20thcentury 747-1500 967-1049 abūsaʻīdibnabīal-khayr africa aḥmadibnaḥmad biography britishoccupationofindia(1765-1947) communismandislam congresses criticism criticismandinterpretation culturalassimilation darqāwā dictionaries doctrines encyclopedias english etc faḍlibnʻalawī fiction ghazzālī hamadhānī history ibnsabʻīn india indianoceanregion intellectuallife interpretation iran islam islamandpolitics islamicantiquities islamicartandsymbolism islamiccivilization islamicempire islamicmonasteries islamicphilosophy islamicshrinesinart jalālal-dīnrūmī jammuandkashmir kazakhs kazakhstan malabar moplahs morocco mosques murcia musilmpilgrimsandpilgrimages muslims muslimsaints muslimsaintsinart muslimscholars muslimwomensaints mysticism newyork newyork(state) north pakistan persian persianlanguage philosophers poets politicalactivists posters qādirīyahmembers relics religion religiousaspects religiousinstitutions religiouslife religiouslifeandcustoms shams-itabrīzī shādhilīyah shiites shushtarī sindh sovereignty spain studyandteaching sufism teachingsjalālal-dīnrūmī teachingsshams-itabrīzī tijānīyahmembers to1500 ulama unitedstates voluntarism zarrūq ʻabdal-ḥaqqibnibrāhīm ʻalīibnmuḥammad ʻalīibnʻabdallāh ششتري،عليبنعبدالله،