497 51 africanamericans africanamericanstudents anthropologicallinguistics bergamo bilingual bilingualism bilingualisminchildren blackenglish businesswriting casestudies chineselanguage code-switching(linguistics) commerce commercialcorrespondence communication congresses conversationanalysis deaf diglossia(linguistics) disciplines discourseanalysis education endangeredlanguages englishlanguage ethnology foreignelements foreignwordsandphrases gapun general ghanaians grammar greatbritain hispanicamericans historicallinguistics history indiansofnorthamerica indianyouth influenceonforeignlanguages ireland irishlanguage italy language languageandculture languageandeducation languageandlanguages languagearts languageattrition languagemaintenance languagerevival languages languageshift languagesincontact latinlanguage linguisticchange linguisticminorities linguistics literacy meansofcommunication merchants morphology multilingualcommunication multilingualism multilingualismandliterature multilingualistm northamerica papuanewguinea revival rome scotland scottishgaeliclanguage secondlanguageacquisition signlanguage slang socialaspects socialchange sociallifeandcustoms sociolinguistics spanishlanguage speechacts(linguistics) studyandteaching to1500 to500 tokpisinlanguage unitedstates usage youth