497 51 bilingualism codeswitching(linguistics) congresses diglossia(linguistics) employment endangeredlanguages english-speakingcountries finland german germaniclanguages governmentpolicy historicallinguistics history indians jews languageattrition languageobsolescence languagepolicy languagerevival languages languagesincontact latinamerica linguisticchange linguisticminorities minorities morphology northamerica occupationalprestige scandinavia sociolinguistics unitedstates variation