-1412 1233-1277 1454or1455-1512or1513 767or768-820 994-1066 abūshujāʻal-iṣfahānī abūshujāʻal-iṣfahānī aḥmadibnal-ḥusayn apologeticworks approximately1042- aḥmadibnal-ḥusayn aḥmadibnmuḥammad bayhaqī biography chāfiʻites criticism criticismandinterpretationshāfiʻī customsandpractices decedents'estates(islamiclaw) droitislamique earlyworksto1800 etc europe fatwas ghazzī hadith hanafites ibnal-hāʼim inheritanceandsuccession(islamiclaw) interpretation interpretationandconstruction interprétation islam islamandcivilsociety islamiccountries islamiclaw jihad lawandlegislation malikites middleeastspecialists muḥammadibnidrīs muslimpilgrimsandpilgrimages muslims muslimscholars muḥammadibnidrīs muḥammadibnqāsim nawawī orientalism orientalisme ouvragesapologétiques prevention religiousaspects shāfiʻī shāfiʻī spécialistesenétudesmoyen-orientales suicidebombings sunnites taqlīd terrorism texts ulama war war(islamiclaw) أبوشجاعالأصفهاني،أحمدبنالحسين، شافعي،محمدبنإدريس، شافعي،محمدبنادريس، نووي،