-974 1532or1533-1595or1596 972or973-1037 994-1066 abūḥanīfah approximately1616-1677 asia aḥmadibnal-ḥusayn aḥmadibnmuḥammad bayhaqī central criticism customsandpractices earlyworksto1800 etc fatimites fatwas hadith hermeneutics history ḥaṣkafī interpretation interpretationandconstruction islam islamiclaw khaṭībal-tamartāshī muḥammadibnʻabdallāh muḥammadibnʻalī muslimscholars nuʻmānibnmuḥammad qudūrī shafiites sunna texts textual waqf حصكفي،محمدبنعلي، خطيبالتمرتاشي،محمدبنعبدالله، نعمانبنمحمد،ابوحنيفة،