academia academic academic-integrity algorithm algorithmic-bias algorithms americas analysis analytical-skills analytical-thinking argument argumentation bias biased-reporting biases biologicalsciences book bs bs-detection bullcrap bullsh*t bullshit bullshit-culture bullshit-detection bullshit-detection. bullshitting calling-bullshit cognitive-bias cognitive-biases communication confirmation-bias conservation conspiracy-theories correlation-vs-causation credibility critical-analysis critical-reading critical-reasoning critical-theory critical-thinking data data-analysis data-interpretation data-literacy data-manipulation data-science data-visualization debunking debunking-myths deception deception-detection deceptions deceptive-practices deceptive-tactics detection digital-disinformation digital-literacy digital-misinformation dishonesty disinformation earthsciences ecological-succession ecology ecosystem education empirical-evidence environmental-impact environmental-science ethics evidence evidence-based evidence-based-arguments evidence-based-reasoning evidence-based-thinking evidence-evaluation fact-checking facts fake-news fake-science fallacies false-claims flawed-arguments forests fraud fraud-detection geology higher-education hoax hoaxes hypocrisy information-analysis information-integrity information-literacy information-manipulation information-overload information-overload. information-warfare intellectual-dishonesty intellectual-honesty internet internet-culture internet-hoaxes investigative-journalism lies logic logic-fallacies logical-fallacies logical-reasoning manipulation media-literacy media-manipulation misinformation misinformation-debunking misinformation-detection misinformation-ecology misinformation-ecosystem misinformation-effects misinformation-epidemic misinformation-pandemic misleading misleading-information mount-st.-helens naturaldisasters nature nonfiction online-misinformation pacific-northwest persuasion persuasive-communication persuasive-tactics persuasive-techniques plant-life problem-solving propaganda pseudo-science pseudoscience pseuodoscience rationality reason reasoning reasoning-skills regeneration research research-ethics research-methods rhetoric scams scepticism. science science-literacy science-skepticism scientific-integrity scientific-literacy scientific-method scientific-reasoning scientific-skepticism scientific-thinking skeptical-inquiry skeptical-thinking skepticism skepticism-in-academia skepticism-in-media skepticism-in-politics skepticism-in-science skepticism-in-society skepticism-in-the-age-of-misinformation skepticism-in-the-digital-age skepticism-movement skepticism-natural-language-fallacies skepticism-training skeptics social-media societal-implications statistical-analysis statistical-bias statistical-deception statistical-fallacies statistical-fallacy statistical-literacy statistical-manipulation statistical-methods statistical-reasoning statistical-thinking statistics technology truth truth-decay truth-detection truth-seeking truth-telling truth-vs-lies truthfulness truthiness unitedstates verification viral-content volcanic-activity volcanic-eruption wildlife