academia academic academic-integrity academic-research algorithm algorithmic-bias algorithms analysis analytical-skills analytical-thinking argument argumentation bias bias-detection biased-reporting biases book bs bs-detection bullsh*t-detection bullshit bullshit-culture bullshit-detection bullshit-detection. bullshitters bullshitting calling-bullshit cognitive-bias cognitive-biases communication confirmation-bias conspiracies conspiracy-theories correlation-vs-causation critical-analysis critical-evaluation critical-literacy critical-reading critical-reasoning critical-theory critical-thinking critical-writing data data-analysis data-interpretation data-literacy data-manipulation data-science data-skepticism data-visualization debunking debunking-myths deception deception-detection deceptive-practices deceptive-tactics deviate digital-disinformation digital-literacy digital-misinformation dishonesty disinformation education empirical-evidence ethics evidence evidence-based evidence-based-arguments evidence-based-decision-making evidence-based-reasoning evidence-evaluation exaggeration fact-checking facts fake-news fake-science fallacies false-claims flawed-arguments fraud higher-education hoax hoaxes human-psychology hypocrisy information-analysis information-evaluation information-integrity information-literacy information-manipulation information-overload information-warfare intellectual-dishonesty intellectual-honesty internet internet-culture internet-hoaxes internet-scams investigative-journalism knowledge-integrity lies logic logic-fallacies logical-fallacies logical-reasoning lying manipulation media-literacy media-manipulation misinformation misinformation-detection misinformation-ecosystem misinformation-epidemic misinformation-in-media misinformation-literacy misinformation-management misinformation-pandemic misinformation-prevention misleading misleading-arguments misleading-claims misleading-information misleading-statistics nonfiction online-misinformation persuasion persuasive-communication persuasive-tactics persuasive-techniques politics problem-solving propaganda pseudo-science pseudoscience pseuodoscience quantitative-analysis quantitative-reasoning rational-thinking rationality reason reasoning reasoning-skills research research-ethics research-methods rhetoric scams scepticism. science science-communication science-literacy science-skepticism scientific-integrity scientific-literacy scientific-method scientific-reasoning scientific-skepticism scientific-thinking skeptical-inquiry skeptical-thinking skepticism skepticism-in-academia skepticism-in-media skepticism-in-politics skepticism-in-science skepticism-in-social-media skepticism-in-society skepticism-in-the-age-of-misinformation skepticism-in-the-digital-age skepticism-in-the-media skepticism-natural-language-fallacies skepticism-training skeptics social-media social-media-manipulation societal-implications statistical-analysis statistical-bias statistical-deception statistical-fallacies statistical-fallacy statistical-lies statistical-literacy statistical-manipulation statistical-methods statistical-reasoning statistical-thinking statistics truth truth-claims truth-decay truth-detection truth-distortion truth-manipulation truth-seeking truth-telling truth-vs-lies truthfulness truthiness