110 113 1552?-1599 1596-1650 160 1632-1677 1646-1716 1729-1797 184 1844-1900 1872-1970 1882-1973 1889-1976 190 600-1500 aesthetics ancient approximately410-485 apuleius art benedictusde bertrand burke christianheresies christianity christianphilosophy communismandphilosophy conservatism conservatismandliterature contributionsinmetaphysicsheidegger contributionsinmetaphysicsnietzsche contributionsinmetaphysicsplato criticism criticismandinterpretationspenser descartes edmund etc ethics ethicsplato friedrichwilhelm god gottfriedwilhelm gödel harp heidegger hermetism history historyandcriticism influence influenceplato inliterature interpretation jacques kurt leibniz maritain martin marxist medieval metaphysics middleages moraldevelopment neoplatonism nietzsche ontology philosophy philosophyapuleius plato politicalscience proclus quine rationalism rené russell spinoza stoics symbolisminmusic theology to1500 viciouscircleprinciple(logic) virtue