1167or1168-1223or1224 africa andalusia biography earlyworksto1800 ibnaṣbagh ibnḥazm ibnḥazm interpretationandconstruction islam islamiclaw islamiclearningandscholarship islamicphilosophy muslimscholars muḥammadibnʻīsá north ontology rituals spain studyandteaching zahirites ʻalīibnaḥmad ʻalīibnaḥmad ابنحزم،عليبناحمد،