-680 1207-1273 680 969or970-1016 approximately600-661 battleof biography caliphs criticismandinterpretationjalālal-dīnrūmī doctrines history historyandcriticism imams(shiites) iraq islam karbalāʼ muḥammadibnal-ḥusayn persianliterature religiousaspects sharīfal-raḍī shīʻah umayyaddynasty شريفالرضي،محمدبنالحسين، عليبنأبيطالب، ḥusaynibnʻalī