-634 -644 -656 -680 -720 -816 680 abūbakr almoravides approximately600-661 arab arabs assassination assassins b battleof biography correspondence family fiction historians historiography history iraq islam karbalāʼ kingsandrulers leo muslims popes saudiarabia umayyaddynasty ʻalīibnabīṭālib ʻumar ʻumaribnal-khaṭṭāb ʻuthmānibnʻaffān ḥusaynibnʻalī