apologeticworks approximately600-661 aḥkāmal-sulṭānīyahwa-al-wilāyātal-dīnīyah(māwardī caliphate companions controversialliterature doctrines ghiyāthal-umamfīiltiyāthal-ẓulam(imāmal-ḥaramaynal-juwaynī history historyofdoctrines imamateʻalīibnabīṭālib interfaithrelations islam islamandstate islamicsects ismailites publiclaw(islamiclaw) relations shīʻah shīʿah shīʻah sunnites theodicy ʻabdal-malikibnʻabdallāh) ʻalīibnabīṭālib ʻalīibnmuḥammad)