1872-1906 1890-1948 1894-1967 1908-1960 1924-1987 20thcentury africanamericanauthors africanamericans africanamericansinliterature afro-americanauthors americanliterature blackauthors claude criticismandinterpretationbaldwin criticismandinterpretationellison criticismandinterpretationmckay criticismandinterpretationsoyinka criticismandinterpretationwright dunbar historyandcriticism intellectuallife james jean paullaurence poetry ralph richard socialaspects wole