1872-1906 1890-1948 1908-1960 1924-1987 20thcentury africanamericanauthors africanamericans africanamericansinliterature afro-americanauthors americanliterature art art041000 biography blackauthors claude criticismandinterpretationbaldwin criticismandinterpretationellison criticismandinterpretationmckay criticismandinterpretationsoyinka criticismandinterpretationtoomer criticismandinterpretationwright dunbar hillaire historyandcriticism indianartists indianwood-carving intellectuallife james jean joe lummiindians nativeamerican paullaurence phenomenologyandliterature philosophyinliterature philosophytoomer poetry ralph richard socialaspects totempoles washington(state) wole