148 1689-1755 1694-1778 1711-1776 1712-1778 1713-1784 1723-1790 1743-1794 1748-1883 1770-1831 1805-1859 1818-1883 18thcentury 194 809 adam alexisde authors baroque biography civilization contributionsinpoliticalsciencemontesquieu criticismandinterpretationcondorcet criticismandinterpretationdiderot criticismandinterpretationmontesquieu criticismandinterpretationrousseau criticismandinterpretationvoltaire david denis enlightenment europe france french georgwilhelmfriedrich globalization hegel history historyandcriticism hume jean-antoine-nicolasdecaritat jean-jacques karl law liberalism manent marx montesquieu philosophers philosophy pierre politicalscience politicstheorieseuropeanwriters rousseau smith tocqueville voltaire