000076481 1844-1900 1878-1965 1886-1929 1888-1967 1889-1976 1907-1972 20thcentury 21stcentury abrahamjoshua americanfiction bernard criticism criticismandinterpretationbellow criticismandinterpretationmalamud dialogue education emmanuel franz friedrichwilhelm hasidism heidegger heschel heshel history historyandcriticism intellectuallife interpretation jewish jewishauthors jewishphilosophers jewishphilosophy jews jewsinliterature judaism judaismandliterature lévinas logotherapy martin modern nietzsche perry philosophy pluralism psychotherapy religiousaspects rosenzweig saul schmidt-leukel unitedstates