-1236 -1238? -1400 -524 1098-1179 1177?-1236 1291-1361 14thcentury 15thcentury 16thcentury 17thcentury 1872-1930 2 354-430 600-1500 780 782 9 988-1034 academicwriting acousticsandphysics active12thcentury active13thcentury ancient andalusia andalusianinfluences approximately840-912 aquitaine arabinfluences art augustine benedictines beneluxcountries bibliography bibliotecamusicalegreggiati(ostiglia byzantinechants cantusfirmus casestudies catalogs catholicchurch chants chaucer china christianity churchhistory churchmusic churchmusichistory civilization composers composition(music) congresses conservationofnaturalresources consonance(music) criticismandinterpretationadémar criticismandinterpretationboethius criticismandinterpretationneidhart criticismandinterpretationphilip descorts dictionaries dynamics earlyworksto1800 ecology ecosystem england english english(middle) europe exhibitions facsimiles florence france francodecolonia french frenchpoetry friedrich gautier geoffrey german(middlehighgerman) germany greekandroman gregorianchants guido handschin hildegard history historyandcriticism historyofdoctrines humanbody humanbodyinliterature humanbodyinmusic hymns inliteraturemary interpretation(phrasing italian italianpoetry italy jacques knowledge latin(medievalandmodern) liturgicaldrama ludwig léonin madrigals manuscripts manuscriptsgautier mary medieval mediterraneanregion memory middleages ml morocco motets music musicalaccentuation musicalinstruments musicalmeterandrhythm musicalnotation musicandlanguage musicandliterature musicarchaeology musicchaucer musicology musictheory notenschrift notker nunsasmusicians oraltradition organa oxfordshire paris partsongs passion-music performancepractice(music) philippede philosophyandaesthetics phylogeny poetry pérotin religiousaspects sacred sequences(music) songs sources spain sweden syria to1044 to1400 to1500 to500 troubadours troubadoursongs trouvères trouvèresongs vitry vocalmusic