1862-1922 1868-1912 1874-1970 1879-1959 19th-century 20thcentury american arctic authors biography borup british-navy cold crockerlandexpedition(1913-1917) discoveryandexploration donaldbaxter european-expeditions exploration franklin-expedition franklin-search friendsandassociatesishikawa friendsandassociatesmori friendsandassociatesnagai friendsandassociates森鷗外 friendsandassociates永井荷風 friendsandassociates石川啄木 george history hms-investigator ice indigenous-peoples inuit ishikawa japanese john-rae kafū maritime-disasters meijiperiod northwest-passage polar-exploration robert-mcclure search-and-rescue survival takuboku travelmacmillan ōgai 石川啄木