1443?-1538 1794?-1864 anthropologists biography casestudies criticismandinterpretationtal cults epicpoetry ethnology fieldwork folklore history historyandcriticism inliteraturemohammedi interracialfriendship newyork newyork(state) niamey(department) niger nigeriens paul politicsandgovernment psychology religion religiontal religiouslifeandcustoms ritesandceremonies socialconditions songhai spiritpossession stoller translations umar unitedstates witchcraft zarma(africanpeople)