1858-1928 australia biography bureaucracy civilservice collectivelaboragreements democracy descriptionandtravel directories employee-managementrelationsingovernment employees etc france governmentproductivity history hospitals lawandlegislation laws legalstatus local localgovernment netherlands officialsandemployees pensions personnelmanagement philippines politicalactivity professionalethics publicofficers retirement stategovernments states supervisionofemployees unitedstates voorsttotvoorst women