117 1225?-1274 1596-1650 1970b 600-1500 aesthetics architectureinliterature aristotle christianity contributionsinmetaphysicsplotinus descartes formperception history historyofdoctrines hylomorphism lit014000phi001000sci064000 literarycriticism literatureandscience materialisminliterature mathematics matter mechanism(philosophy) metaphysics middleages morphology philosophy plato poetics poetry religiousaspects rene science substance(philosophy) systemtheory thomas