affirmativeactionprograms bibliography burdenofproof canada civilservice collectivelaboragreements congresses discriminationinemployment employment etc etcgoodyeartireandrubbercompany europeaneconomiccommunitycountries feminism femmes germany(west) governmentpolicy greatbritain jobevaluation labormarket lawandlegislation litigation newyork newyork(state) officialsandemployees payequity post-communism privatization racediscrimination russia(federation) salaries sexdiscriminationagainstwomen sexdiscriminationinemployment socialclasses socialconditions successinbusiness travail trials unitedstates wages women women'srights womenexecutives womeninthecivilservice womenlaborunionmembers womenstockbrokers égalitéderémunération