1922-1987 1943- africanamericanlawyers africanamericans biography chicago childhoodandyouth culturalpluralism davidn democracy detroit dinkins education election federalgovernment gary harold herenton history illinois indiana intergovernmentalfiscalrelations lawyers leadership localgovernment mayors memphis michigan municipalgovernment newark newjersey politicalaspects politicalparticipation politicsandgovernment power(socialsciences) racerelations socialchange socialconditions sociallifeandcustoms tennessee unitedstates washington