041 042 1 1494 1861 1865-1955 1874-1908 1910-1997 19thcentury 214 407 africa alliedhealth antiquities archaeology architecture artcollecting biography british buildings byzantineempire cairo central churchhistory cityplanning civilization conservationandrestoration cosmetic cypriot discoveryandexploration east egypt egyptpoliticalhistory19th-20thcenturybiography etc europe evidence-basedmedicine excavations explorers florence general government greatbritain h0304230 h03su60098 historicbuildings history humanism islamandpolitics islamicarchitecture islamicmodernism italianart italianhistory jīzah mecca medical medievalhistory middleages miscellaneous miscellaneousitalianhistory miscellaneousmedievalhistory miscellaneousrenaissanceart muhammadʻalieffendi muslimpilgrimsandpilgrimages muṣṭafákāmil muḥammadʻalī orthopedics patronage pictorialworks plastic politics politicsandgovernment pottery reference religiousaspects renaissance research saudiarabia saʻudi saʻūdī secularism socialchange socialconditionshistory sportsmedicine structures surgery teresa tombs westerneurope