-1939 1838-1898 1855-1916 1860-1931 1863-1920 1870-1942 1871-1950 1875-1926 1878-1957 1880-1918 1882-1923 1914-1918 19esiècle 20esiècle 20thcentury africa alfons alfred andrépinto apollinaire approximately1817-1890 austria austrian authors autobiographicalfiction autobiography belgian biography blacks brandsma brazil cornelius correspondance correspondence criticismandinterpretationdöblin criticismandinterpretationmann criticismandinterpretationzweig culturalassimilation dehmel emile ethnicrelations exiles'writings fiction french frenchliterature german germanauthors germany guillaume heinrich historyandcriticism ida jews joseph literature literatureandthewar literaturecorrespondence marginality marriedwomen marthe massin may modern petzold poètesbelges pt rainermaria rebouças richard rilke shortstories social stefan titus verhaeren warandliterature warinliterature west worldwar youngmen zweig écrivainsautrichiens émile