1803-1882 1817-1862 1885-1972 africanamericans civilrights communities communitiesinliterature criticismandinterpretationemerson democracy ezra henrydavid historyandcriticismamericanliterature individualisminliterature influenceemerson intellectuallife literatureandsociety philosophyemerson politicalandsocialviewspound politicalandsocialviewsthoreau politicsandliterature racerelations ralphwaldo unitedstates