1931- 1952- 1985-1991 biographies biography changementsocial economicpolicy ex-presidents general gorbachev gorbatchev history internationalrelations kommunisticheskai͡apartii͡asovetskogosoi͡uza kommunisticheskai︠a︡partii︠a︡sovetskogosoi︠u︡za mikhailsergeevich mikhailsergueevitch perestroika perestroĭka perestrojka perestroĭka pol011000 politicalandsocialviews politicalandsocialviewsgorbachev politicalculture politicalscience politicsandgovernment politik politiqueetgouvernement politiqueéconomique presidents présidents putin russia(federation) russie socialchange sovietunion urss vladimirvladimirovič