1931- 1952- biographies biography changementsocial ex-presidents general gorbachev history internationalrelations kommunisticheskai͡apartii͡asovetskogosoi͡uza kommunisticheskai︠a︡partii︠a︡sovetskogosoi︠u︡za mikhailsergeevich mikhailsergueevitch perestroĭka perestroïka perestroĭka pol011000 politicalandsocialviews politicalandsocialviewsgorbachev politicalculture politicalscience politicsandgovernment politik politiqueetgouvernement presidents présidents putin russia(federation) russie socialchange sovietunion urss vladimirvladimirovič