-1400 1146?-1223? 1179?-1241 annalesschool antiquities appreciation celtic celticinfluences christianityinliterature civilization cosmology eastern england englishliterature englishpoetry ethnology europe folklore geoffrey germanic heldensage historiography history historyandcriticism icelandchaucer icelandicliterature ijslandsehandschriften influence influencegiraldus influencesnorristurluson inliterature intellectuallife invectiveinliterature irelandchaucer irishliterature ironage kingsandrulers kingsandrulersinliterature knowledge literature literatureandhistory literatureandsociety literatures materialculture medieval middleages monstersinliterature motives mythology mythologychaucer norse northmen oldenglish oldnorsephilology oldnorsepoetry oraltradition other(philosophy) oudnoords paganisminliterature religion runes rusʹ(theslavicword) saga's sagas scandinavia scandinavianinfluences sennamannjafnađr slavs sources tekstuitgaven textbooks themes to1100 to1500 vikings women womeninliterature