-1274 -approximately768 -approximately781 1175-1249 1309-1360 747or748-823 arabiclanguage criticismandinterpretationazdī criticismandinterpretationazdī criticismandinterpretationibnisḥāq criticismandinterpretationibnisḥāq criticismandinterpretationwāqidī criticismandinterpretationwāqidī earlyworksto1800 geschichtsschreibung grammar historiography history ibnal-ḥājib ibnhishām ibnmālik islamischeliteratur morphology muḥammad muḥammadibnʻabdallāh muḥammadibnʻumar muḥammad muḥammadibnʻumar syntax ʻabdallāhibnyūsuf ʻuthmānibnʻumar