1207-1273 1225?-1274 1232?-1316 1240-approximately1292 1401-1464 1583-1648 1743-1826 1871-1944 600-1500 abrahambensamuel abulafia asínpalacios christianity edwardherbert herbertofcherbury history islam jalālal-dīnrūmī medieval middleages miguel mysticism nicholas orientalism peace philosophy politicalandsocialviewsthomas ramon religionjefferson religiousaspects spain studyandteaching thomas violence