1878-1953 1879-1953 1931- 1952- biographies biography bolsjewisme changementsocial ex-presidents general gorbachev gorbatchev histoire history internationalrelations iosif joseph kommunisticheskai︠a︡partii︠a︡sovetskogosoi︠u︡za mikhailsergeevich mikhailsergueevitch perestroĭka perestroïka perestroĭka pol011000 politicalandsocialviews politicalandsocialviewsgorbachev politicalculture politicalpurges politicalscience politicsandgovernment politik politiqueetgouvernement presidents présidents purgeskommunisticheskai︠a︡partii︠a︡sovetskogosoi︠u︡za purgeskommunističeskajapartijasovetskogosojuza purgespolitiques putin russia(federation) russie socialchange sources sovietunion stalin terrorism terrorisme urss vladimirvladimirovič