1838- 1838-1868 818 aaron apps barbin biography discriminationagainstintersexpeople disordersofsexdevelopment france gaymen genderidentity herculine identity intersexuality lgbtq+people masculinity medicalcare men personalnarratives politicalactivity psychologicalaspects queerpeople racisminmedicine scientificracism sexrole sexualbehavior sexualorientation socialaspects socialconditions transgenderidentity unitedstates