1571-1630 17thcentury aberration astronomicalinstruments catastrophes(mathematics) caustics(optics) designandconstruction differentialequations engineeringinstruments geometry history instrumentation johannes kepler lenses light mathematica(computerprogramlanguage) mathematicalmodels mathematics microwaves opticalengineering opticalinstruments optics optometry partial philosophy physicaloptics qc381m931g1997 renaissance science solarcollectors symmetry(physics) transmission