1157-1199 454?-526 482-565 483?-565 500-1500 742-814 747-814 778 800-1453 ancient approximately1043-1099 approximately1123-1190 approximately840-912 battleof battleof(spain:778) biography carolingians cid epicpoetry europe europewarlords frederick french his002020his037010his010020 history historycatholicchurch justinian karl kingsandrulers medieval middleages notker papacy papst poetry provençal renauddemontauban(legendarycharacter) richard romances rome roncesvalles sources spain theoderich theodoric to1309 translationsintoenglish western