1 1897-1959 5 artificialintelligence causation chance ci4870 ci4871 congresses electromagneticfields electromagnetism friedrich gravitationalfields hilbertspace irreversibleprocesses kausalität logicalpositivism mathematicalphysics maxwellequations naturallaw necessity(philosophy) philosophy physics positivismus prediction(logic) probabilities quantumtheory science semigroups spaceandtime specialrelativity(physics) waismann