18thcentury 1920-2005 apologetics aristotle catholicchurch catholicphilosophers christianity christiansociology churchhistory congresses doctrinescatholicchurch dogma enlightenment firstphilosophy france history historycatholicchurch islamandphilosophy jean-martinde johnpaul logic medieval methodology modernism(christiantheology) muslimlogicians prades religiousaspects religiouslife theology thomists to1500 tradition(theology)