-632 1213?-1296? 1645- 1868-1932 1917-1974 1920-1978 1969-1970 1973 20thcentury 425-1789 active922 arabic biography bulgars(turkicpeople) būbīyah criticismandinterpretationbūṣīrī criticismandinterpretationkaʻbibnzuhayr criticismandinterpretationshawqī criticismandinterpretationshāmlū descriptionandtravel dramaticworksshawqī egypt egyptian fiction fictionibnfaḍlān generals history historyandcriticism ibnnāṣiral-zaydī inliteraturemuḥammad ismāʻīl israel-arabwar israel-arabwar(1973) jewishmessianicmovements jews judaism laudatorypoetry literarystyleshawqī medievalandearlymodernperiod middleeast military morocco nationalisminliterature nationalists nawwār persianpoetry personalnarratives politicsandgovernment reader-responsecriticism russia(federation) sharafal-dīnmuḥammadibnsaʻīd soldiers sources techniqueshawqī travelibnfaḍlān tribes vikings volgariverregion warofattrition yemen(republic) إسماعيل،أحمد شاملو،احمد