1881-1938 1888-1971 1914-1918 1921-1922 20thcentury ali atatürk christianity churchandstate civilization foreignrelations greco-turkishwar greeks history islam i̇zmir kemal kılıç massacres mustafakemal orthodoxeasternchurchmembers peace personalnarratives politicalactivity politicsandgovernment politicsandgovernmentconstantinople(ecumenicalpatriarchate) pontus relations turkey worldwar