354-430 active2ndcentury active337-345 ancient angels aphraates approximately160-approximately230 augustine christianheresies christianity christianliterature clemens clement cyprian early earlychurch earlyworksto1800 exegese fathersofthechurch freedom(theology) goodandevil greek greekauthors heresy hermas hermeneutics history historyandcriticism historyofdoctrines holyspirit irenaeus justin liberty methodology origen perfection philosophy religiousaspects science tertullian theodicy