12thcentury 600-1500 active14thcentury bishopofparis churchhistory doctrinal doctrines doctrinescatholicchurch earlyworksto1800 earlyworksto1800catholicchurch europe franciscus history historyofdoctrines historyofdoctrinesjesuschrist laterancouncil(4th:1215:palazzolateranense) medieval middleages ouvragesavant1800 peterlombard philosophy religiousdisputations scholasticism theology théologie to1500 trinity