146 149 1906-1975 192 1926-1984 1931- 20thcentury american charles criticaltheory democracy ethics frankfurtschoolofsociology habermas hannah hilary humanrights international internationalorganization jürgen knowledge macintyre michel naturalism philosophy politicalandsocialviewsarendt politicalandsocialviewsbenhabib politicalandsocialviewsconnolly politicalandsocialviewsfoucault politicalandsocialviewsmacintyre politicalandsocialviewstaylor politicalaspects politicalscience politicalsociology processphilosophy putnam reason relativity richard rorty security seyla socialsciences taylor theoryof virtue virtues williame