1900-1981 20thcentury africanamericanbaptists africanamericanpacifists africanamericanphilosophy africanamericans biography blacktheology christianity christianphilosophy christianpilgrimsandpilgrimages civilrights history howard india nonviolence philosophy politicalandsocialviewsthurman politicalaspects religion religiousaspects travelthurman unitedstates