1821-1881 1882-1950 1895-1975 193 20thcentury b bakhtin christianethics contributionsinpoliticalsciencescheler criticismandinterpretationbakhtin criticismandinterpretationdostoyevsky criticismandinterpretationscheler dostoyevsky empathy ethicalrelativism ethics ethicsscheler fyodor hartmann history intentionality(philosophy) max nicolai personalism phenomenology philosophicalanthropology philosophy politicalpsychology politicalscience scheler values