1813-1883 1856-1951 1860-1934 1890-1970 19thcentury appreciationwagner authors biography charlesde clemenceau edouard fatherfigures france french gaulle georges headsofstate historyandcriticism idealism music musicandoccultism musiccritics occultism occultists philippe poincaré politicsandgovernment pétain raymond richard schuré