1898-1961 2001o-248 2014j-557 20thcentury analytical astbury biography chemistry chemistrytechniques congresses crystallography crystals dna faculty greatbritain hemoglobin hemoglobinopathy history imageprocessing imagereconstruction laserpulses macromolecularsubstances macromolecules membraneproteins methods molecularbiology molecularstructure neutrons nucleicacids physicists physiology proteins qd945d918x1979 qu25m1742007 qu55s926872000 structure structure-activityrelationship synchrotrons technique thermalneutrons ultrashort ultrastructure williamthomas wz100 x-ray x-raydiffraction