1891-1938 1899-1980 1918-2013 1961-1975 american anti-apartheidmovements bannedpersons(southafrica) biography government imprisonmentmandela mandela mandelʹshtam medicalcare nadezhda nelson nurses osip personalnarratives politicalprisoners politicians'spouses resistanceto smith southafrica sovietunion unitedstates vietnam vietnamwar warfare womenpoliticalactivists wz100s6631994