1832-1881 1945- 19thcentury 2001k-267 africa ahaggarmountains algeria anthropology antiquities arabicpoetry art attitudetohealth aïrregion berbers christianity conductoflife cultural desertpeople desertplants droughts education ethnicrelations ethnoarchaeology ethnobotany excavations(archaeology) exhibitions famines fiction flatters flowers france healing healthandhygiene healthservices history historyandcriticism indigenous iris islam islamicfundamentalism jeremy jewelry libya mali materialculture medicalanthropology medicine murder muslimwomen niger nomads north pastoralsystems paulfrançoisxavier politicsandgovernment relations revolutions sahara schools sieges socialconditions sociallifeandcustoms spiritualtherapies tadrartacacusmountains terrorism tombouctou traditional traditionalmedicine travelkeenan tuareg universityofcalifornia wb50hn4r225h2001 west wildflowers youngwomen